Modern therapy is different. In so many ways. It is not just about addressing emotional and mental health issues anymore. We now have comprehensive tools that influence various facets of life, including personal relationships and professional ambitions. Services like Betterhelp have revolutionised access to therapy by providing online platforms where individuals can easily find expert therapists. The convenience of online therapy, free from the hassles of commuting, parking and waiting rooms, makes it particularly attractive for people with busy schedules.
Peptides, essentially short chains of amino acids, have garnered significant attention in recent years for their potential therapeutic benefits. Although peptides have been a part of medical treatments for a long time, advancements in understanding their mechanisms and applications are broadening their use.
What are Peptides?
The hottest question at this moment. Peptides are composed of up to 40 amino acids, while chains containing more than 40 amino acids are classified as proteins. The human body naturally produces a vast array of peptides, approximately 300,000, although only around 150 have been used therapeutically. Despite being in use for about eight years, peptides represent a growing field with much yet to be understood about their optimal clinical applications.
And there is more. GLP-1 agonists like semaglutide and Munjaro have become particularly popular for their role in weight management and diabetes care. Initially approved for type 2 diabetes to help with blood glucose control, these peptides were later found to have significant weight loss benefits, leading to broader applications even among individuals without diabetes. This expanded use highlights how off-label prescriptions play a crucial role in medical practice, offering new pathways for treatment once additional benefits of a medication are discovered.
The use of GLP-1 agonists, while beneficial, is not without its detractors. Critics argue that these peptides can lead to drug dependency and are often cost-prohibitive. Moreover, they emphasise the role of lifestyle factors (like exercise and diet) as potentially better alternatives. So there are considerations, not to be taken lightly about this emerging treatment.
Many are supporting peptides in the scientific community. For example, professionals like Dr. Craig Koniver recently spoke to Andrew Huberman on YouTube, in support of an integrated approach, acknowledging the merit of both pharmaceutical and lifestyle interventions. For many, the initial success with weight loss through peptides acts as a catalyst for further positive changes, such as increased motivation to engage in healthier habits. This incremental success can significantly enhance an individual’s overall well-being.
This is where it gets interesting. Microdosing strategies for peptides like semaglutide have been adapted to minimise muscle loss and other adverse effects. Slow and steady weight loss ensures more sustainable outcomes and prevents the rapid rebound seen with more aggressive dosing schedules. This approach also reduces the occurrence of cosmetic issues like “ozempic face,” where fat loss from the face can create an undesirable skeletal appearance.
We also have a peptide start. None other than BPC-157. Also known as Body Protection Compound-157 it has emerged as a versatile peptide with broad applications in anti-inflammatory treatments and tissue repair. Despite limited human clinical studies, extensive animal research and anecdotal evidence suggest its effectiveness. Particularly noted for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it useful for treating chronic conditions like Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome and general muscle soreness. Patients often report significant improvements in joint pain, muscle recovery and overall mobility after using BPC-157. It is also increasingly used in skincare.
BPC-157 can be taken orally for gastrointestinal issues, although clinical observations suggest that injections may be more effective for systemic conditions. Injected subcutaneously, it appears to provide broader systemic benefits, promoting healing in tissues distant from the injection site. Given the recent regulatory challenges posed by the FDA, alternatives like PDA (pentadeca arginine) have been developed, mimicking the structure and effects of BPC-157. While early in its adoption, PDA shows promise in delivering similar anti-inflammatory and healing benefits.
Peptides & Hormone Therapies

While peptides can influence hormone levels indirectly, they offer a safer alternative to direct hormone manipulation. For example, growth hormone-releasing peptides like ipamorelin stimulate the body’s production of growth hormone, rather than introducing synthetic hormones, thus avoiding some of the complications associated with direct hormone therapy.
Peptides should be used with an understanding of their pharmacokinetics and individual patient response. Dosing schedules, typically involving subcutaneous injections, can be adjusted based on the desired outcomes and patient feedback. Ensuring that patients adhere to these regimens under medical supervision maximises benefits and minimises potential side effects.
By integrating these insights into practical applications, individuals can achieve better health outcomes, leveraging the growing knowledge base around peptide treatments. The key lies in thorough medical guidance and personalised care, ensuring each treatment plan is tailored to the unique needs of the patient.
On a higher level now. Growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) offer a wide array of benefits, but their efficacy and applicability can vary based on an individual’s goals and physiological responses. Dr. Craig Koniver points out the variance in individual reactions to these compounds, coining the term “flavors” of peptides to describe their diverse effects.
GHRP-6 has an acknowledged effect of stimulating appetite and initialising rapid muscle mass gain. One of the favorite choices among bodybuilders and athletes for gaining significant muscle hypertrophy due to the potency. Dr. Koniver claims that “GHRP-6 can greatly stimulate appetite, which can be beneficial in the context of a high protein diet plus resistance exercise-an optimal anabolic environment”. The peptide also binds with the prolactin and adrenocorticotropic hormone receptors, perhaps creating a cascade involving cortisol release and a significant hunger response that interferes with sleep if not appropriately timed.
To maximise the efficacy of GHRP-6 while minimising drawbacks, strategic use is essential. This peptide may not be suitable for everyone, especially those managing weight concerns or preferring lean muscle growth without significant bulk gain.
Alternative Peptides
For individuals seeking to enhance muscle tone and strength without increasing bulk, other growth hormone secretagogues such as Ipamorelin, Tesamorelin and CJC-1295 offer promising solutions.
- Ipamorelin: Known for not stimulating appetite significantly, making it favorable for lean muscle gain and improved sleep quality. Typical dosages hover around 100 micrograms per night.
- Tesamorelin: Historically used for reducing visceral fat, particularly beneficial for males and females aiming for fat loss without a dramatic change in muscle bulk. It has a more profound effect on improving sleep and general vitality.
- Hexarelin: Ideal for morning administration, Hexarelin provides a burst of clean energy without jitteriness. It aids endurance while spiking growth hormone levels, making it popular among athletes engaged in prolonged physical activities.
One innovative approach in peptide therapy is the strategy of combining or “stacking” peptides. Dr. Koniver highlights the benefits of simultaneously using multiple peptides at lower dosages for synergistic effects. A prominent example is combining BPC-157, Ipamorelin and Tesamorelin, which not only targets fat reduction but also enhances sleep, skin health and overall resilience.
Practical Stacking Protocols
- Bedtime Stack:
- BPC-157: Upregulates growth hormone receptor activity.
- Ipamorelin: Assists in fat reduction and enhances sleep.
- Tesamorelin: Focuses on visceral fat reduction.
- Morning Energy Boost:
- Hexarelin: Boosts morning energy and endurance without appetite stimulation.
Addressing Off-Label Drug Use
The practice of off-label prescribing is very common and often necessary in clinical practice. Dr. Koniver demonstrates a very common example with the medication semaglutide, initially approved to control blood glucose but now being used commonly for its weight loss benefits. This practice puts forth the emphasis of learning from experience in medicine, which offers ways medications can be used safely and effectively beyond their initial indications.
However, this has to be done under the tutelage of experienced doctors who can safely navigate them through the labyrinth of off-label use of drugs. Physicians are very crucial in this matter; they try to offer appropriate treatment matching the needs of the individual to ensure effectiveness while minimising risks.
Beyond peptides, a sensible approach to supplement use can also enhance health outcomes. Dr. Koniver advocates for selective supplementation rather than a broad-spectrum approach, emphasising compounds like Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and methylated B vitamins.
- CoQ10: Integral to the Krebs cycle, CoQ10 facilitates energy production by aiding electron transport. Dosages typically range from 200 milligrams daily, with higher dosages proving safe for extensive use.
- Methylated B Vitamins: Essential for individuals with MTHFR mutations, which affect metabolic processes. These include methylated forms of B12, folate and compounds like Trimethylglycine (TMG), which support efficient detoxification pathways.
Glycine, a simple yet potent amino acid, has substantial benefits for sleep and detoxification.
- Sleep Aid: Glycine acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, calming the nervous system and improving sleep quality. Recommended doses range from 3,000 to 10,000 milligrams taken before bedtime.
- Liver Support: Glycine aids in phase two liver detoxification, promoting the efficient excretion of toxins. This dual role makes it an excellent supplement for overall health maintenance.
Deep Dive into Bioregulators

Pinealon, a small but effective peptide, has shown remarkable results in enhancing REM sleep and promoting neuroplasticity. Used intermittently, it can support better sleep patterns and overall mental health, reflecting its potential in regenerating pineal gland function.
Pinealon, derived from the Russian bioregulator peptide research led by Professor Vladimir Khavinson, has gained traction for its notable benefits in enhancing REM sleep and promoting neuroplasticity. Unlike many peptides, Pinealon is unique because it potentially survives stomach acid, making oral administration viable. However, the injectable form remains preferred for its bioavailability and reliable efficacy.
More and more people take an interest in this field. And so are the chances of fake products hitting the market. Dr. Craig Koniver suggests the purchase of these peptides from reputable companies, as well as a consultation with health professionals to ensure that the products are not fake to avoid any kind of potency and safety issues. This is a crucial issue because illegitimate products can easily be ineffective or have harmful results.
The landscape of peptide use in clinical settings is continuously evolving. Several peptides, such as Ipamorelin and Sermorelin, have gained FDA approval for specific therapeutic uses.
However, the regulatory environment is complex. For instance, GLP-1 agonists, initially designed for glucose management, are now being recognised for their significant weight loss benefits. This has led to increased demand and scrutiny from the FDA. The nuances of how these compounds can be compounded for broader therapeutic use are under constant evaluation, impacting their availability and cost.
While there’s hope for broader acceptance and approval of various peptides, the challenge lies in balancing safety concerns with accessibility. Regulatory bodies must navigate between genuine patient safety and the lobbying power of large pharmaceutical companies.
Advanced Peptide Therapies
Peptides are not the only frontier in regenerative medicine. Stem cell and exosome therapies offer promising avenues for rejuvenation and repair. These therapies, often involving autologous (self-derived) cells, are gaining attention for their potential to treat conditions ranging from joint degeneration to chronic inflammation.
Such therapies have shown immense promise, especially in sports medicine and anti-aging, with patients reporting remarkable improvements in joint functionality and overall vitality. Emerging therapies involving exosomes, or cell-secreted vesicles rich in growth factors and genetic material, are emerging as potent tools for cellular communication and cellular repair.
Thymosin Alpha-1, or TA1, is a peptide that was utilised for its immune-modulating properties. This example underlines the impact of regulatory decisions on treatment options. Despite success in treatment for autoimmune diseases and even post-viral syndromes, such as long COVID, its removal from market supply created a hole in available therapies.
Cerebralysin, a peptide cocktail containing brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNFs), remains available and beneficial for cognitive enhancement. Used predominantly in Europe for conditions like stroke and traumatic brain injury, it has shown efficacy in improving brain function and recovery.
An unexpected player in cognitive enhancement is methylene blue. Originally used for its antimalarial properties, it has found modern applications as a nootropic. When taken in small doses (typically around 10 milligrams), it acts as a cognitive stimulant by binding to cytochrome c oxidase, enhancing mitochondrial function and promoting oxygenation at the cellular level.
This compound also has mild MAOI (monoamine oxidase inhibitor) properties, which extend the action of neurotransmitters like serotonin, contributing to its cognitive benefits. However, users should be aware of its staining properties and potential side effects.
A New Emerging Trend
Peptides and modern therapy options, like those provided through online platforms such as BetterHelp, are reshaping the healthcare landscape. While therapy addresses emotional and mental well-being, peptides offer innovative solutions for physical health, including weight management, tissue repair and muscle growth. Innovative clinics in the UK such as Healand Clinic in Leicester have been offering peptide therapy since their inception in 2023.
Therapies involving peptides like GLP-1 agonists or BPC-157 demonstrate how advancements in medicine are opening new doors for both acute and chronic conditions. Although these treatments come with potential risks, such as dependency or side effects, they also offer significant benefits. Especially when managed with proper medical supervision. The future is here.